How to hold a safe unborn baby

Birth defects can affect how a newborn looks, works, or both. One out of 33 https://teachmixer.com/coloring-pages/baby-coloring-page-15705/ babies in the United States were born with a birth defect. Some birth defects, such as The lip clefts or palates, are easily visible. Some birth defects, including Defects of the congenital heart, require special diagnostic tests to envision.



Birth defects occur in the womb when the baby is developing. The risk of birth defects may be increased by such substances, medications and drugs, called teratogens. Teratogens either cause no defects or result in miscarriage within the first 14 days of pregnancy; this is a time of all-or-nothing.



Between 15 and 60 days of gestation (during the first trimester), the fetus is most vulnerable to teratogenic effects and may result in serious birth defects. During this time, more precisely, major organs grow. Teratogens are not the primary cause of birth defects, it should be remembered. Also, genetics plays a part. Teratogens and genetics can also cause harm together.



However there's no sure-fire way to avoid birth defects. In the end, environmental and genetic variables merge to contribute to these issues. Before and during pregnancy, keeping a healthy lifestyle and frequent visits with your OB-GYN will help you have a healthy kid. There are however, steps you may take to reduce the chances of having a baby with birth defects.



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Watch all of our Stay Calm Mom video series episodes and follow Tiffany Small as our host speaks to a diverse group of women and top doctors to get real answers to the biggest questions about pregnancy.


When pregnant, what do you have to give up?

During Pregnancy, Alcohol


Alcohol intake is a leading cause of birth defects in pregnancy. There is no known safe level of alcohol used during pregnancy or when attempting to get pregnant, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Often there is no healthy time to drink during pregnancy. Equally potentially dangerous, like both wines and beer, are all forms of alcohol.



When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, so does her baby. Furthermore, half of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned. It can take between 4 and 6 weeks before a woman knows if she's pregnant. During this period, alcohol could interfere with fetal development. Consumption of During Pregnancy, Alcohol can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).



Minimum alcohol and FAS limits have not been determined. Observed anomalies with FAS include the following:



- Defects of the congenital heart
- Flattened face secondary to the midface of the underdeveloped
- Intellectual incapacity
- Restraint of intrauterine development (i.e., poor growth of the baby while in the womb)
- Joint abnormalities
- With microcephaly (i.e., small head and impaired brain development)
- Bad teamwork Lack of coordination



It is unclear the precise means by which alcohol triggers FAS. We do know that alcohol quickly passes through the placenta into the circulation of the fetus. Alcohol in the blood of the unborn baby achieves concentrations equivalent to those found in the bloodstream of the mother.



However the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which is formed by the liver and necessary to break down alcohol, is essentially missing in fetuses. Instead for alcohol clearance, infants rely on placental and maternal enzymes. These enzymes are not nearly as effective at metabolizing alcohol as alcohol dehydrogenase; thus, plenty of alcohol remains in fetal circulation.



Alcohol can cause severe damage to a baby's nervous system. It not only affects the growth of nerve cells, but also kills them (a process called apoptosis).


During Pregnancy, Smoking


Before becoming pregnant, it is safer to stop smoking; but for an expectant mother who is already smoking, it is never too late to quit. In addition, pregnant females should stay away from second-hand smoke.



Here are several adverse effects that could be faced by a child born to a mother who smokes during pregnancy:



- The lip cleft
- Palate with cleft
- Heightened excitability (hyperexcitability)
- Increased tone in the muscles (hypertonicity)
- Restraint of intrauterine development
- Irritableness
- Preterm Labor
- SIDS
- Over Over



Nicotine is 15% more concentrated in the blood of the fetus than in that of the mother. The more heavily that a mother smokes, the increased risk of Restraint of intrauterine development. Furthermore, even those who smoke 10 cigarettes or fewer per day (light smokers), put their babies at twice the risk for low birth weight. The effects of vaping on pregnancy are potentially harmful as well.


"Street"Street


Marijuana is the street drug that is most widely used. In some states, which have a lot of pregnancy experts involved, it is now legal.



Marijuana is not teratogenic and does not cause birth defects, some experts think. However, since these drugs can contribute to preterm delivery, low birth weight, and birth defects, the CDC advises against smoking or using other illegal drugs against pregnant women.



Furthermore, there's some support for the link between the use of marijuana during pregnancy and later neurodevelopmental problems in the child, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity as well as problems with abstract and visual reasoning.



In addition, the connection between the use of marijuana during pregnancy and later neurodevelopmental issues in the infant, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity, as well as abstract and visual thinking difficulties, is somewhat endorsed.


Preventing Infections While Pregnant


Certain infections during pregnancy can lead to birth defects. Infections can be prevented by taking certain steps, including staying away from people with infections, frequent handwashing, and thoroughly cooking meat.



Furthermore, certain vaccines protect a woman from infections that can lead to birth defects. The seasonal flu vaccine is always recommended for pregnant women.



There is limited information about COVID-19 (the illness caused by the novel coronavirus) in pregnancy. Some small studies have shown no adverse outcomes for babies when their mothers had COVID-19 in their third trimester.



Effects of COVID-19 in earlier trimesters and long term are largely unknown at this time. Like everyone else, especially people at higher risk, pregnant women should wash their hands frequently and avoid people who are sick.



Zika virus causes birth defects in babies born to infected mothers. These birth defects include microcephaly (small head) and brain abnormalities. However, the transmission of the Zika virus in the continental United States is still relatively rare, and infection with other teratogenic viruses is much more common.



Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of infection in newborns. A majority of women have CMV antibodies. Most commonly, primary infection with CMV (infection for the first time) leads to a risk of CMV in the newborn (i.e., congenital CMV). Nevertheless, reactivation of CMV or infection of the mother with a different strain can also lead to congenital CMV.



Most people who have been infected with CMV show no signs of infection and experience no symptoms. A person with a healthy immune system can keep infection with CMV in check. However, CMV can cause serious infection in those with weaker immune systems. Moreover, CMV can endanger the fetus and can lead to birth defects.



Most babies born with CMV infection are healthy. About one of five babies born with CMV infection are sick at birth or go on to develop long-term health problems. Some babies show signs of CMV infection at birth. A minority of babies appear healthy at birth but go on to later develop signs of infection, such as hearing loss.



Here are some potential repercussions of CMV infection in the newborn:



- Chorioretinitis (i.e., inflammation of the choroid and retina) and other eye problems
- Dental problems
- Enlargement of the liver and spleen
- Hearing problems
- Hemolytic anemia (an autoimmune blood disorder)
- Hepatitis
- Intellectual incapacity
- Intracranial calcifications
- Yaundice
- Liver, lung, and spleen problems
- Microcephaly
- There is also some evidence for the correlation between the use of marijuana during pregnancy and later neurodevelopmental problems in the infant, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity, as well as abstract and visual thinking issues. For women who are preparing to become pregnant or are pregnant, no safe amount of marijuana has been established. Still relatively unknown are the effects of CBD on pregnancy. Tiver, lung, and spleen problemsaundicentracranial calcificatiMicrocephalynsntellectual disabilityepatitisemolytic anemia (an autoimmune blood disorder)earing problemsnlargement of the liver and spleenental problemsus, it's best for women not to smoke or otherwise consume marijuana at conception or during pregnancy. It is best to discuss such use with your OB-GYN if you need marijuana for a medical condition.
- Psychomotor concerns
- Convulsions
- Small at-birth scale



It is difficult to predict which infants will develop severe CMV infections, and there is no medication during pregnancy for CMV infection to prevent infection in the newborn. By means of saliva, sexual intercourse and so on, CMV can be transferred from one human to another.


Prescription Pregnancy Drugs


Several drugs have harmful effects that can affect pregnancy. Only about 30 drugs, however are considered to be teratogens, which can cause birth defects. Teratogenic possible effects include the following:



- Toxicities of behavior (i.e., adverse effects of drugs that impair the performance of everyday activities)
- The fetus's death
- Restraint of intrauterine development
- Malformation
- Toxicities in neonatals



Physicians assumed until the middle of the twentieth century that the fetus existed apart from the mother in a safe atmosphere. After the effects of thalidomide culminated in widespread catastrophe in the 1960s, this assumption that fetuses were safe from prescription drugs and other potentially dangerous substances collapsed.



Thalidomide was used to treat morning sickness but resulted in profound limb Malformation, facial Malformation, and so forth in newborns.



Physicians have gingerly addressed the prescribing of medications during pregnancy after the thalidomide disaster for fear of teratogenic effects. Fortunately, in pregnancy, several teratogenic agents are not prescribed.



- Inhibitors of ACE
- Medication
- treatment
- Diethylstilestilboestrol
- About
- Or lithium
- Phenytoin
- About
- Warfarin


Importance of supplements with folate


A type of B vitamin is folate, or folic acid. The need for folate rises between five and ten times during pregnancy, since this vitamin is transferred to the fetus. During pregnancy, folate deficiency can be difficult to detect, and even a well-nourished woman can experience it. Of note, folate is high in green, leafy vegetables.



Since half of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned and folate deficiency may affect the fetus early on the CDC recommends that all women of reproductive age (between 15 and 45) take 400 micrograms of folate daily before a mother even knows that she is pregnant. Other than this, many prenatal vitamins contain more (600 to 1000 micrograms).



The need for folate in the mother is increased by the following variables:



Severe birth defects, including spina bifida and anencephaly, can result from folate deficiency. All of these disorders are defects in the neural tube. For spina bifida, the bones of the spine do not form around the spinal cord properly. Sections of the head and brain do not shape properly during anencephaly.



Research indicates that supplementation of folic acid during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy at the time of conception will reduce the risk of neural tube defects by about 70 percent.


Good lifestyle maintenance


As well as obesity before and during pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy can both raise the risk of birth defects and other serious health conditions. Higher blood sugar will affect both the fetus and the mother if diabetes is poorly regulated during pregnancy.



Usually, babies born to mothers with diabetes are much bigger and have larger organs, making the process of birth much more complicated. After birth, these babies also experience low blood sugar. In addition, infants born to mothers with diabetes are at higher risk of being stillborn, and fetuses are at higher risk of miscarriage.



Here are several particular conditions that babies born to mothers with diabetes experience:



- Blue and mottled skin, high heart rate and quick respiration (signs of lung and heart failure)
- Defects of the congenital heart
- Yaundice
- In
- Impoverished feeding
- Generally
- Over



Until conceiving, women with diabetes should attempt to reach a healthy weight. Women with diabetes should work to minimize weight gain and exercise during pregnancy, control blood sugar, and take medicines as prescribed by a doctor.



Similarly, obese women should strive to lose weight before thinking through diet, exercise, and other changes to their lifestyle.

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